The Battle of the Trench was the last attack of the Quraysh on Medina. The name of this battle comes from the trenches that were dug around Medina to prevent enemy attack.

After the Banu Qaynuqa and the Banu Nadir’s banishment from the city on account of their violation of the terms of the treaty and their betraying Prophet Muhammad, remaining in Madina were the Banu Qurayza Jews.

The Treaty of Hudaybiya, initially not viewed as favorable for the Muslims, was in actual fact the greatest political success of Prophet Muhammad, and was confirmed by the Qur’an as such.

Prophet Muhammad sent these letters with the purpose of conveying the message of Islam to many tribal leaders and sometimes even to individuals living in various parts of the Arabian Peninsula.

Khaybar, located in the vast valley which stretched from 180 kilometers to Madina’s north and on the road between Madina and Syria, was an important center of trade and agriculture populated by Jews. After the Treaty of Hudabiya, Prophet Muhammad began to take into account the threat that Khaybar posed for the Muslims.

Mu’ta is located to the south of Lake Galilee, 50 kilometers from the city of Jerusalem. At the beginning of the eighth year after the Emigration (629 AD), Prophet Muhammad sent Harith ibn 'Umayr with a letter of invitation to Islam to the provincial governor of Busra, under the Byzantine Empire.

With the conquest of Makka, the hostility of the Qurayshi polytheists towards Prophet Muhammad and the Muslims came to an end and the obstacles in the way of the spread of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula’s Hijaz region were lifted.

The enmity between the Hawazin and the Quraysh, due in large part to trade relations and continuing from the Age of Ignorance had now been directed towards Prophet Muhammad – who was also from the Quraysh – and the religion of Islam that he conveyed.

Ta’if became somewhat a safe house for the enemy. Hence, the Hawazin who were defeated at Awtas also sought shelter here. Immediately after the Battle of Hunayn, Prophet Muhammad decided to advance upon Ta’if with an army that he himself led.

In the ninth year after the Emigration (630 AD), news reached Madina that Byzantine Emperor Heraclius had begun preparations for war against the Muslims, gaining the support of allied Arab Christian tribes such as the Banu Lakhm, Djudham, ‘Amila and the Ghassan.